Scutellinia (Scutellinia) sawir iyo sharaxaad

Scutellinia (Scutellinia)

• Ciliaria Waa maxay.
• Humariella J. Schröt.
• Melastiziella Svrcek
• Stereolachnea Hohn.
• Trichaleurina Rehm
• Trichaleuris Clem.
• Ciliaria waa maxay. ex Boud.

Scutellinia waa hiddaha fangaska ee qoyska Pyronemataceae, sida ay u kala horreeyaan Pezizales. Waxaa jira dhowr iyo toban nooc oo caan ah, in ka badan 60 nooc ayaa lagu sharaxay si faahfaahsan, wadar ahaan, sida laga soo xigtay ilo kala duwan, qiyaastii 200 ayaa la filayaa.

Taxon Scutellinia waxaa sameeyay 1887-kii Jean Baptiste Émile Lambotte, kaasoo sare u qaaday subgenus Peziza subgen., Kaas oo jiray ilaa 1879-kii, ilaa darajada genus.

Mushrooms leh jir miro yar yar oo qaab koobab yar yar ama suugo, waxay noqon karaan kuwo fidsan ama fidsan, oo lagu daboolay timo qurxoon dhinacyada. Waxay ku koraan carrada, dhagaxyada mooska ah, alwaaxyada iyo waxyaalaha kale ee dabiiciga ah. Dusha sare ee miraha gudaha (oo leh hymenophore) waxay noqon kartaa caddaan, oranji ama midabyo kala duwan oo casaan ah, dibadda, nadiif ah - midab isku mid ah ama bunni ah, oo lagu daboolay bristle khafiif ah. Setae brown ilaa madow, adag, fiiqan.

Jidhka miraha waa miyir beelka, badanaa aan lahayn jirid (oo leh "qayb xidid").

Spores waa hyaline, spherical, ellipsoid ama spindle-qaabeeya oo leh dhibco badan. Dusha sare ee xadhkaha ayaa si qurux badan loo qurxiyey, oo lagu daboolay burooyin ama laf dhabarta oo cabbirro kala duwan leh.

Noocyada ayaa aad ugu eg qaab-dhismeedka, aqoonsiga noocyada gaarka ah ayaa suurtagal ah oo keliya iyadoo lagu saleynayo faahfaahinta yaryar ee qaabdhismeedka.

Cunista Scutellinia si dhab ah loogama hadlin, inkasta oo ay jiraan tixraacyo ku jira suugaanta ee la sheegay in la cuni karo ee qaar ka mid ah noocyada "weyn": boqoshaada aad bay u yar yihiin in laga eego aragtida gastronomic. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, meelna lagama xuso suntooda.

Nooca geedka canabka ah - Scutellinia scutellata (L.) Lambotte

• Suugo Scutellinia
• Scutellinia thyroid
• Peziza scutellata L., 1753
• Helvella ciliata Scop., 1772
• Elvela ciliata Scop., 1772
• Peziza ciliata (Scop.) Hoffm., 1790
• Peziza scutellata Schumach., 1803
• Peziza aurantiaca Vent., 1812
• Humaria scutellata (L.) Fuckel, 1870
• Lachnea scutellata (L.) Sac., 1879
• Humariella scutellata (L.) J. Schröt., 1893
• Patella scutellata (L.) Morgan, 1902

Noocaan Scutellinia waa mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu weyn, waxaana loo arkaa inuu yahay kan ugu caansan uguna cilmi badan. Dhab ahaantii, waxay u badan tahay in qaar ka mid ah Scutellinia loo aqoonsaday inay yihiin Scutellinia saucer ay yihiin wakiillo ka mid ah noocyada kale, tan iyo markii aqoonsiga lagu sameeyay astaamo-macro.

Jirka midhaha S. scutellata waa saxan gacmeed, badiyaa 0,2 ilaa 1 cm (ugu badnaan 1,5 cm) dhexroor. Muunadaha ugu da'da yar ayaa ku dhowaad gebi ahaanba wareegsan, ka dibna, inta lagu jiro koritaanka, koobabku way furmaan oo ballaariyaan, inta lagu jiro korriinka waxay u beddelaan "saucer", disk.

Dusha hoose ee koobka (oogada bacrin ah ee loo yaqaan hymenium) waa siman, casaan ilaa liimi dhalaalaysa ama casaan liimi ah oo dhalaalaya oo casaan ah, halka dusha sare ee (madhalayska ah) uu yahay midab cawlan, bunni ah, ama orange cirro leh.

Dusha sare waxaa lagu daboolay timo adag oo madow, timaha ugu dhaadheer ayaa ka soo baxa cidhifka jidhka miraha, halkaas oo ay dhererkoodu yahay ilaa 1,5 mm. Saldhigga, timahani waa ilaa 40 µm oo dhumucdiisuna waxay tahay taako ilaa fiiqan. Timaha waxay ka samaysan yihiin sifo "ishashashka indhaha" ee cidhifka calyx. Ciliayadani waxay ka muuqdaan xitaa isha qaawan ama si cad ayaa looga arki karaa muraayad weyn.

LugtaadaMaqnaanshaha, S. scutellata - "fadhi" laabta.

Laalaabka: caddaan ee boqoshaada yaryar, ka dibna guduudan ama casaan, khafiif ah oo dabacsan, jilicsan, biyo leh.

Udgoon iyo dhadhan: aan lahayn astaamo. Qaar ka mid ah ilaha suugaanta ayaa tilmaamaya in saxarka uu uriyo sida violet marka la cajiiyo.

Maaykoob

Xuubka (sida ugu wanaagsan ee lagu arko lactophenol iyo suuf buluug ah) waa elliptical 17-23 x 10,5-14 µm, siman, inta aan qaangaarin, waxayna sii ahaanayaan waqti dheer, laakiin marka ay qaan-gaaraan, si muuqata u daboolan burooyin iyo feeraha oo gaaraya dhererka qiyaastii. 1 µm; oo leh dhowr dhibcood oo saliid ah.

Paraphyses oo leh talooyin bararsan oo cabbirkoodu yahay 6-10 microns.

Timaha yar yar ("Isha indhaha") 360-1600 x 20-50 microns, oo karoon KOH ah, gidaar qaro weyn, lakabyo badan, oo leh saldhigyo laami ah.

Waxaa laga helaa qaaradaha oo dhan marka laga reebo Antarctica iyo Afrika, iyo sidoo kale jasiirado badan. Yurub dhexdeeda, xadka woqooyi ee xadka wuxuu ku fidsan yahay xeebta woqooyi ee Iceland iyo 69 latitudes ee Jasiiradda Scandinavian.

Waxay ka baxdaa kaymo noocyo kala duwan leh, jiqyo iyo meelaha khafiifka ah, waxay door bidaa alwaax qudhuntay, laakiin waxay ka soo muuqan kartaa qashinka dhirta kasta ama ciidda qoyan ee u dhow jirrid qudhuntay.

Muddada miraha S.scutellata waa guga ilaa dayrta. Yurub - laga bilaabo guga dambe ilaa dayrta dambe, Waqooyiga Ameerika - jiilaalka iyo gu'ga.

Dhammaan wakiilada genus Scutellinia (Scutellinia) waxay aad ugu eg yihiin midba midka kale.

Marka la eego baaritaanka dhow, mid ayaa kala saari kara Scutellinia setosa: way ka yar tahay, midabku waa huruud, jidhka miraha waxay inta badan ku koraan substrate alwaax ah oo badan, kooxo aad u dhow.

Jidhka miraha koob-qaabaysan, suugo-qaabaysan ama saxan-qaabaysan oo da'doodu tahay, yar: 1 - 3, ilaa 5 mm dhexroor ah, jaalle-orange, oranji, casaan-orange, leh "timo" madow qaro weyn (setae) cidhifka koobka.

Ku koraa kooxo waaweyn oo qoyan oo alwaax ah.

Xuubyada: siman, ellipsoid, 11-13 by 20-22 µm, oo ay ku jiraan dhibco saliid oo badan. Asci (unugyada xanbaarsan-xadhkaha) waa qiyaas ahaan qaab ahaan cylindrical, oo cabbiraya 300-325 µm 12-15 µm.

Asal ahaan waxa lagu tilmaamaa Yurub, waxa kale oo laga helaa Waqooyiga iyo Bartamaha Ameerika halkaas oo ay ku korto alwaax qudhunsan oo geedo go'an ah. Ilaha Waqooyiga Ameerika waxay inta badan bixiyaan magaceeda "Scutellinia erinaceus, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Scutellinia setosa".

Miraha: Xagaaga iyo dayrta, laga bilaabo Juun ilaa Oktoobar ama Noofambar ee cimilada diiran.

Maddiibad hadh ah. Kani waa nooc caadi ah oo reer Yurub ah, oo samaysa kooxo saxanno oranji ah oo ilaa 1,5 cm dhexroor ah xagaaga iyo deyrta ee ciidda ama alwaax qudhuntay. Waxay si dhow ula mid tahay isku-xidhayaasha sida Scutellinia olivascens waxaana kaliya lagu kalsoonaan karaa oo lagu aqoonsan karaa sifooyin yaryar.

Celcelis ahaan, S.umbrorum waxay leedahay jidh miro ka weyn kan S.scutellata iyo kudka waaweyn, oo leh timo gaaban iyo kuwo aan muuqan.

Scutellinia olivascens. Fungus-kan Yurub wuxuu sameeyaa kooxo saxanno oranji ah oo ilaa 1,5 cm dhexroor ah ciidda ama alwaax qudhmay xagaaga iyo deyrta. Waxay aad ugu egtahay noocyada caadiga ah ee Scutellinia umbrorum waxaana kaliya lagu kalsoonaan karaa in lagu aqoonsan karo sifooyin yar yar.

Noocaan waxaa lagu qeexay 1876 Mordecai Cooke sida Peziza olivascens, laakiin Otto Kuntze wuxuu u wareejiyay genus Scutellinia 1891.

Scutellinia subhirtella. Sannadkii 1971-kii, cilmi-nafsi-yaqaanka Czechoslovakia Mirko Svrček ayaa ka soocay muunado laga soo ururiyay Czechoslovakia hore. Jidhka miraha ee fungusku waa huruud-cas ilaa casaan, yaryar, dhexroor 2-5 mm ah. Xuubyadu waa hyaline (translucent), ellipsoid, 18-22 by 12-14 µm cabbir ahaan.

Sawirka: Alexander, mushroomexpert.com.