Adenomegaly waa balaadhinta qanjidhada qanjidhada, balaadhinta ay sababi karto caabuqyada bakteeriyada ama fayraska, ama ku xidhan jiritaanka burooyinka, gaar ahaan.

Marka ay khusayso ganglia ee mediastinum, waa lymphadenopathy mediastinal, lymphadenopathy ilmo-galeenka haddii korodhka mugga uu saameeyo qanjidhada qoorta, ama axillary lymphadenopathy marka kuwani yihiin qanjidhada (magaca kale ee qanjidhada) oo ku yaala gudaha kilkilooyinka kuwaas oo weynaaday. Waxa kale oo ay noqon kartaa inguinal, oo saameeya qanjidhada ku yaal gumaarka. Adenomegaly waxay inta badan ka dhalataa cadaadis weyn oo ku saabsan habka difaaca jirka, kaas oo qanjidhada qanjidhada ay yihiin qayb muhiim ah.

Adenomegaly, waa maxay?

Etymologically, adenomegaly macnaheedu waa kororka xajmiga qanjidhada: ereygan wuxuu ka yimid Giriigga, "adên" oo macnaheedu yahay "qanjir" iyo "mega" oo macnaheedu yahay weyn. Sidaa darteed Adenomegaly waa balaadhinta qanjidhada qanjidhada, mararka qaarkood sidoo kale loo yaqaanno lymph nodes, ka dib caabuqa fayras, bakteeriyada ama dulin, ama ay keento buro, gaar ahaan.

Lymph nodes waa qanjidhada ku yaal marinnada lymfatic ee meelaha qaarkood ee jirka:

• Lymph nodes ee mediastinum waxay ku yaalaan mediastinum, gobolka dhexe ee qafiska feeraha (oo ku yaal inta u dhaxaysa labada sambabada, u dhow wadnaha, trachea, bronchi, iyo hunguriga). Haddii ay weynaadaan, waxaan ka hadli doonaa lymphadenopathy mediastinal.
• qanjidhada ilmagaleenka ilmo-galeenka waxay ku yaalaan qoorta: marka cabbirkoodu kordho, waxaa jira lymphadenopathy ilmo-galeenka.
• Haddii adenomegaly ay khusayso qanjidhada qanjidhada hoostooda, waxa loo yaqaan 'axillary lymphadenopathy'.
• Ugu dambeyntii, marka hypertrophy-kani uu saameeyo qanjidhada inguinal, ama ku jira gumaarka, waxaanu kicin doonaa lymphadenopathy inguinal.

Sidee loo aqoonsadaa adenomegaly?

Linf-nodes-ka weyn waxaa inta badan muujiya dhakhtarka inta lagu jiro baaritaanka bukaan-socodka. Runtii waa garaaca wadnaha in takhtarku uu ku ogaan karo burooyin aan caadi ahayn oo ku jira qanjidhadan.

Bukaanku waxaa laga yaabaa in mararka qaarkood uu iskiis u dareemo muuqaalka "burro" yar ama "cun" kilkilaha, qoorta ama gumaarka, marmarka qaarkood waxaa weheliya qandho.

Hababka kale ayaa laga yaabaa inay xaqiijiyaan ogaanshaha, sida ultrasound iyo noocyada kale ee baarista sawirka. Dhuunta, gaar ahaan, kuwan lymphadenopathies mediastinal waxaa lagu meelayn doonaa iyada oo la adeegsanayo sawir-gacmeedka thoracic, waxaana sidoo kale lagu heli karaa ogaanshaha, iyadoo ku xiran meesha ay joogaan, by mediastinoscopy (baaritaanka mediastinum iyada oo loo marayo endoscope), mediastinotomy (la jeexitaan mediastinum) ama thoracoscopy. Histology waxay suurtogal ka dhigtaa, iyadoo la baranayo unugyada, si loo go'aamiyo in lymphadenopathy uu yahay mid xun iyo in kale.

Waxyaabaha khatarta

Dadka difaaca jirkoodu hooseeyo waxay halis weyn ugu jiraan infekshannada, sidaas darteedna ay ku koraan adeomegaly: bukaannada qaba HIV, tusaale ahaan, ama bukaannada ku jira daawaynta difaaca jirka. 

Caabuqa laftiisa ayaa halis u ah adeomegaly.

Sababaha lymph nodes oo weyn: isku xirka doorka ay ku leeyihiin difaaca

Lymph nodes waa qanjidhada loo isticmaalo si loo sifeeyo lymfa. Waxay kaloo door lama huraan ah ka ciyaaraan falcelinta difaaca jirka, sidaas darteedna difaaciisa.

Haddaba, waa ganglia-yadan soo bandhigida antigens-ka jirka shisheeye (kuwaas oo ah jeermiska faafa, oo noqon kara bakteeriyada, fayrasyada ama dulin), unugyada habka difaaca ee loo yaqaan T iyo B lymphocytes ayaa dhacaya. (ie, unugyada dhiiga cad).

Ka dib soo bandhigida antigenic-ka, jawaabta difaaca jidhku waxay ka hortagi doontaa wakiilada faafa, ama unugyada aan caadiga ahayn ee jidhku (badanaa burooyinka). Jawaabtaani waxay ku lug leedahay soo saarida unugyada difaaca jirka ee B lymphocytes (sidoo kale loo yaqaan difaaca jidhka) ama jawaab celinta gacanta, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan jawaabta cytotoxic, taas oo ku lug leh CD8 T lymphocytes (jawaab sidoo kale loo yaqaan difaaca unugyada). 

Waxay ka timid firfircoonida jawaabta difaaca jirka ee ganglion-ka in hypertrophy lagu arkay kiiska adenomegaly lagu sharxi doono: dhab ahaantii, tirada lymphocytes (ie unugyada ganglion) taranka si xoog leh ayaa dhalinaysa kororka. xajmiga qanjidhada qanjidhada. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxay sidoo kale dhacdaa in unugyada kansarku ay soo galaan qanjidhada qanjidhada, mar kale waxay kordhisaa cabbirkeeda. Unugyada bararadu waxay sidoo kale ku bataan halkaas, xitaa unugyada difaaca ee ganglion, taasoo keenta kansarka ganglia.

Sababaha aan fiicnayn

Qaar ka mid ah sababaha aan fiicneyn ee cabbirka qanjidhada qanjidhada oo weyn waxaa ka mid ah:

• sarcoidosis (cudur guud oo jirka ah oo aan la garanayn sababta);
• qaaxada, oo la ogaaday gaar ahaan ka dib lymphadenopathy mediastinal;
• iyo cudurrada kale ee faafa, sida mononucleosis ee uu keeno fayraska Epstein-Barr, iwm.

Sababaha halista ah

Waxaa jira sababo halis ah, oo ay ka mid yihiin:

• burooyinka, kansarka iyo dheef-shiid kiimikaadka, sida Hodgkin's ama non-Hodgkin's lymfomas, sidoo kale inta badan waxaa lagu ogaadaa lymphadenopathy mediastinal (ka dib raajo laabta);
• cudurada autoimmune: gaar ahaan lupus, ama rheumatoid arthritis;
• Caabuqa aad u daran, sida kuwa ku xidhan fayraska AIDS-ka, HIV, ama cagaarshowga fayraska, iwm.

Khatarta ugu weyn ee dhibaatooyinka adenomegaly waa, dhab ahaantii, ku xiran etiologies:

• Marka laga hadlayo burooyinka, cilmi-nafsiyeedka wuxuu u kobcin karaa burooyin xun ama xitaa muuqaalka muuqaalka metastases, taas oo macnaheedu yahay faafinta unugyada kansarka ee fogaanta lymphadenopathy.
• Marka laga hadlayo infekshanka HIV, fayraska AIDS-ka, dhibaatooyinka waa kuwa la helay difaaca jirka, tusaale ahaan khatarta sii kordheysa ee qaadista dhammaan noocyada caabuqyada.
• Cudurada difaaca jirka ayaa sidoo kale leh korriin khatar ah oo leh dhibaatooyin la taaban karo, kuwaas oo keeni kara xanuun gaar ah oo daran iyo naafonimo daran.

Daawadu waxay noqon doontaa midda cudurka laga helay qanjidhada oo wayn:

• antibiyootiga ama daaweynta fayraska, ama xitaa antiparasitic, haddii joogitaanka qanjidhada qanjidhada oo weyn ay sabab u tahay wakiilka pathogenic (bakteeriya, fayras ama dulin);
• daawaynta ka hortagga kansarka marka ay timaad buro, taas oo isku dari karta daaweynta shucaaca iyo kiimoterabiga;
• daawooyinka difaaca jirka, tusaale ahaan xaaladaha cudurada difaaca jirka.
• Qaliinka, xaaladaha qaarkood, ayaa meesha ka saaraya qanjirada.

Sidaa darteed Adenomegaly waa calaamad muujinaysa in ay lagama maarmaan tahay in la ogaado sida ugu dhakhsaha badan ee suurtogalka ah, iyo in aad si degdeg ah ugu warbixiso dhakhtarkaaga: kan dambe wuxuu samayn karaa baaritaanka kiliinikada isagoo garaaca isla marka cuf aan caadi ahayn laga dareemo ilmo-galeenka, axillary ama inguinal. ama lagu ogaado raajo laabta oo kontorool ah, oo loogu talagalay lymphadenopathy mediastinal. Xirfadlahan daryeelka caafimaadka ayaa go'aamin kara daawaynta la bilaabayo ama takhasuska uu la tashanayo. Sidaa darteed, sida ugu dhakhsaha badan sababta adenomegaly ayaa la daaweeyaa, way sii weynaataa fursada soo kabashada.