Saaxiibkay waxa uu keligii noolaa dhawr sano, ilaa aanu la yeelanay wada hadal qalbi-ka-lab ah iyada oo aanu helnay furaha xaalad dumar ah oo gaar ah… Tan iyo markaas, nolosheeda waxa ay ka koobnayd taariikho, sheeko-yaal iyo jacayl jacayl. Waa maxay xaaladan aad ugu furan tahay cilaaqaad cusub oo aanay ku sugin?
Waxa ay u badan tahay in aad la kulantay dumar ay ku adagtahay in ay sii joogi karaan xidhiidh la'aan muddo bil ah - waxa ay u muuqataa in la ugaarsanayo. Oo waa in la ogaadaa in kuwani aysan had iyo jeer ahayn quruxda yaryar. Maxay haystaan oo aanay dadka kale haysan?
Dumarka guusha leh, xoogga leh, xiisaha leh ayaa badanaa laga tago keligood mana fahmi karaan sababta tani u dhacayso. Ka soo horjeeda asalka gooni-isutaaggan khasabka ah, khuraafaadka sida "ma jiraan rag dhab ah oo hadhay", "ragga ma jecla haweenka xoogga leh - waxay u baahan yihiin kuwa aan waxba haysan iyo kuwa addeeci kara", "Naagtu waa inay doorataa: xirfad ama qoys" waa inay koraan. .
Waxay iila muuqataa in arrintu aanay ahayn oo keliya oo aanay ku badanayn ragga: xalka halxidhaalaha ayaa ku jira qaybta kimistariga.
Valence in cilaaqaadka
Dib u xasuuso ereyga «valency» manhajka dugsiga ee kimistariga: tani waa awooda curiyaha si uu u sameeyo bonds. U fiirsashada asxaabta iyo dadka aan garanayo ayaa ii horseeday fikradda ah in waddada guusha, haweenku inta badan ay koraan madaxbannaani, isku filnaansho naftooda.
"Waxaan dhisi doonaa noloshayda guul, xiiso iyo farxad leh!" - jagadan oo kale waxay keeni kartaa oo kaliya ixtiraam: tani waa caqabad siinaysa dhiirigelinta horumarka. Cilmi-nafsiga, tan waxaa loo tixgeliyaa shay muhiim ah oo caafimaadka maskaxda ah waxaana loo yaqaan dabeecadda qoraaga. Nasiib darro, waxay leedahay cillad yar.
Xitaa haddii aad tahay ciyaaryahanka ugu weyn kubbadda laliska, ma ciyaari kartid kaligaa! Waxaa jira hawlo badan oo xiiso leh iyo ciyaaro u baahan lammaane ama koox - tanina haba yaraatee lama xidhiidho xoogga ama daciifnimada qofka.
Nin meel u raadi
Aniga iyo saaxiibaday ayaa nimankii waydiinay, anagoo u tilmaamayna dadkii aanu naqaannay: “Maxaad u soo dhowaan weydeen haweenaydan xorta ah, quruxda iyo xiisaha leh? Jawaabtu mar walba isku mid bay ahayd: "Ma arko inay wax iiga baahan karto."
Raggu dhab ahaantii waxay jecel yihiin haweenka xooggan oo guuleysta. Kaliya la hadal iyaga, weydii su'aalo. Laakiin si aad ugu dhawaato haweeney, si ay u gasho nolosheeda, ninku wuxuu u baahan yahay inuu arko in ay jirto meel isaga u taal, fursad uu wax ugu qabto.
Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad hesho lacag fiican, waxaad taqaanaa sida loo beddelo taayirrada baabuurka, waxaad haysataa go'yaal koronto oo kululeeya si sariirtu had iyo jeer u ahaato heerkul sax ah… Valence maaha caawimo ama baahi. Valence waa dawlad marka, adigoon hoos u dhigin guulahaaga iyo guulahaaga, aad dareento in ay jiraan wax kale oo nolosha ah oo nin looga baahan yahay. Kadib oo kaliya markaa waxaad tusi kartaa kuwa kale heerka kimisteriga.
Tani waa tarjumaad dabiici ah: "Waxaan rabaa wax badan nolosha", "Waan xiiseynayaa", "Waxaan u furanahay dhacdooyin cusub".
Layliga "La xidhiidh saaxiib"
Tayada isku filnaanta oo si wanaagsan loo tababaray ayaa ka hor imaan karta mulkiilaha. Tusaale ahaan, naagtu waxay ku riyootaa xiriirka, laakiin marka ay la kulanto nin markii ugu horeysay, waxay u dhaqmeysaa si uu rabo inuu dhulka ku dhaco: way ku qosleysaa, waydiisaa su'aalo aan raaxo lahayn, tijaabin xoog: "haddii uu wuu iga celin karaa, markaas wuu igu habboon yahay.”
Tan ama wax la mid ah, laakiin aan ka yarayn xeelad isgaarsiineed oo naxdin leh ayaa si toos ah u kicin karta, iyada oo wax yar ama aan aqoon u lahayn haweeneyda lafteeda. La yaabna maaha in ninku si degdeg ah u diido inuu shukaansado.
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Tani waa ikhtiyaar guul-guul ah oo kuu ogolaanaya inaad waqti fiican qaadato, barato lammaanaha suurtagalka ah -kumana waajibinayso inaad samayso go'aanno degdeg ah.
Miyaad dareentay in dadka ugu dambeyntii jacaylku ay bilaabaan inay u muuqdaan kuwo ka duwan? Waxay ku dhalaalayaan jilicsanaan, qanacsanaan iyo farxad dheeraad ah. Valence waa martiqaad si ay kuugu iftiimiso iftiinka jacaylka, waa u diyaargarow iyo karti horumar leh oo jacayl. Dabcan, tani waa hawl halis ah, laakiin aynu qirno in khatartani ay u qalanto natiijada - cilaaqaadka iyo xiriirka aad rabto inaad ilaaliso.