Sharci-yaqaanka casriga ahi ma ahaan lahaayeen waxa aynu maanta naqaano haddii aanay jirin wakiillo ka socda xirfaddan. Nootaayuhu waa qareen cadeeya wax kala iibsiga, caddaynaya daacadnimada iyo runnimada waraaqaha iyo saxeexyada. Aynu si faahfaahsan uga hadalno taariikhda iyo caadooyinka fasaxa xirfadeed.
Marka la xuso
Maalinta Nootaayooyinka ayaa sanad walba laga xusaa Dalkeena 26 April. Sannadka 2023, tobanaan kun oo waddankeena ah ayaa u dabaaldegi doona.
taariikhda fasaxa
Soo ifbaxa xirfadda nootaayyada waxaa loo aaneynayaa xilligii Rome hore. Waqtigaas, heshiisyada afka ah waxaa lagu wareejin jiray waraaqo by karaani, waa iyaga kuwa loo arko inay yihiin tusaalaha nootaayada casriga ah.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, culimadu kuma ay takhasusin waraaqaha sharciga ah. Sidaa darteed, xirfadda tabellions ayaa kacday - dadka hawshooda ay ku xiran yihiin oo kaliya dukumentiyada sharciga ah, kuwaas oo ah falalka sharciga ah iyo waraaqaha garsoorka. Dhaqdhaqaaqahoodu waxay ku hoos jireen xakamaynta adag ee gobolka - tusaale ahaan, qadarka mushaharka ee adeegyada la bixiyo waxaa magacaabay taliyaha, tabeelku ma dejin karo qiimaheeda.
Ereyga laftiisa - "notariat", iyo sidoo kale hay'ad isku magac ah, ayaa sidoo kale ka kacday Rome, soo jeedinta Kaniisadda Roomaanka. Dhacdadani waxay ku taariikhaysan tahay dhamaadka XNUMXnd - bilowgii qarnigii XNUMXaad. Nootaayooyinka (oo ka soo jeeda ereyga "notta" - "calaamad") waxay ka adeegeen dioceses waxayna soo gaabiyeen wadahadalada kiniisadda ee kaniisadaha, waxayna sidoo kale la macaamileen maamulka dukumentiga kaniisadda. Laba ama saddex khabiir oo noocaas ah ayaa ka adeegay macbud kasta. Later, hawlaha nootaayooyinka balaariyay aagga cilmaani ah ee nolosha, iyo wakiillada xirfaddan bilaabay in ay la kulmaan ma aha oo kaliya in Rome, laakiin sidoo kale in Italy iyo Yurub oo dhan.
Dalkeena, markii ugu horeysay, analooga nootaayo ayaa lagu sheegay dukumeenti qarnigii XNUMXaad ee la helay intii lagu jiray qodista gobolka Novgorod. Archaeologists waxay heleen warqad bjørk-jilif, taas oo ereyada casriga ah loogu yeeri karo nootaayo. Sida ku cad dukumentigan, haweeneydu waxay ku caddaatay lacagta qof kale laga qaatay, iyo qoraaga (oo aan si badbaado leh ugu yeeri karno nootaayogii ugu horreeyay ee taariikhda Dalkeenna) ayaa caddaynaya warqadda saxiixeeda.
Shaqada analooga ee nootaayyada ee Dalkeena waxay noqotay mid habaysan oo dhexdhexaad ah qarnigii XNUMXaad. Axdi maxkamadeed oo la helay markii la qodayay Pskov ayaa ka hadlaya baahida loo qabo in la soo bandhigo caddayn qoraal ah inta lagu jiro murannada la xiriira hantida. Waxa kale oo ay sharraxaysaa shuruudaha dardaaranka samaynta. Xeerka kastamka Belozersky ee la soo ururiyay isla qarnigan ayaa ka kooban macluumaad ku saabsan shuruudaha saxda ah ee habaynta wax iibsiga iyo iibka.
Ilaa qarnigii XNUMXaad, nootaayo sida hay'ad gaar ah kama jirin waddankeenna. Hawlaha khabiiradan, sida Rooma hore, waxaa fulin jiray culimmo, mararka qaarkood wadaaddo. Laakiin mar hore qarnigii XNUMX-aad, nootayada waxaa loo sameeyay unug madax-bannaan. Nootaayooyinka ayaa ka shaqayn jiray maxkamad degmo kasta, magacaabistooda waxaa maamuli jiray guddoomiyaha Rugta Garsoorka. Waqtigaas, shaqada nootaayada waxay inta badan ku xiran tahay dukumentiyada hantida.
After the revolution, the situation changed dramatically. The abolition of private property changed the status of the notaries for a long time – it became completely state-owned. In the period from 1917 to 1922, notaries performed only the formal functions of certifying documents. However, gradually the number of actions increased greatly. This was enshrined in a resolution that was valid until the collapse of the USSR, where all the obligations of notaries were spelled out. In 1993, this institution again became private and independent of the state.
In 2016, the notaries celebrated 150 years of its existence. In honor of the important date, a Decree of the President of the Federation was issued on the creation of an official professional holiday. According to this document, a permanent date was assigned to the Notary Day – April 26th.
However, until 2016, experts celebrated this day, but unofficially. Only now they celebrated it on April 27th. The fact is that on April 14 (according to the old style), 1866, Emperor Alexander II signed the “Regulations on the notarial part”. It is from this year that the modern notary begins. When they chose the date for the unofficial holiday – April 27 – they did not take into account the peculiarities of the translation from the old style to the new one. But they took this into account when issuing the presidential decree and chose a historically accurate day – April 26th.
Caadooyinka fasaxa
Sida ciidaha la midka ah, Maalinta Nootaayooyinka ee Dalkeena ayaa si weyn looga xusaa bulshada xirfadleyda ah. Sida caadiga ah, shirar iyo shirar waaweyn ayaa lagu soo beegay maalintan, halkaas oo asxaabtu aysan isku dhaafsan karin aqoonta iyo khibradda, laakiin sidoo kale isku hambalyeyn karaan midba midka kale.