Infekshannada fayrasku waa kuwo caadi ah oo aad u faafa. Waxay abuuraan muuqaalo badan oo kala duwan. Tusaalooyinka caabuqyada fayrasku waa nasopharyngitis, qumanka inta badan iyo hargabka.

Virosis waa caabuq uu keeno fayras. Fayrasyadu waa nooleyaal aad u-yar-yar oo ka samaysan walxo hidde ah (RNA ama DNA nucleic acid) oo ay ku hareeraysan yihiin kapsid ka samaysan borotiinno iyo mararka qaarkood baqshad. Iyagu ma quudin karaan oo isma badin karaan iyaga oo kala qaybinaya (halka bakteeriyadu yihiin noole hal unug leh oo quudin kara oo tarmi kara).

Fayrasyadu waxay u baahan yihiin unug marti ah si ay u noolaadaan oo u horumaraan. Fayrasyada noolaha waa fayrasyo ​​awood u leh inay keenaan cudur leh astaamo.

Fayrasyadu ma qaadi karaan dhammaan noocyada unugyada. Fayras kastaa wuxuu leeyahay qeexitaan ballaadhan ama ka yar kaas oo lagu qeexo sida kulaylaha. Waxaa jira fayrasyo ​​leh neefsashada, dheefshiidka, xubnaha taranka, cagaarshowga iyo kuleylka neerfaha. Si kastaba ha noqotee, fayrasyada qaarkood waxay leeyihiin kuleyl badan.

Tusaalooyinka xubnaha la beegsanayo ee fayrasyada kala duwan:

• Nidaamka neerfaha dhexe: fayraska herpes simplex virus (HSV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), enterovirus, jadeeco, qaamo -qashiir, raabis, arbovirus;
• Isha: jadeeco, rubella, HSV, varicella zoster virus (VZV), CMV;
• Oropharynx iyo marinnada hawada sare: rhinovirus, infalawansada, adenovirus, coronavirus, fayraska parainfluenza, HSV, CMV;
• Mareenka neefsashada hoose: hargab, jadeeco, adenovirus, CMV;
• Mareenka caloosha: enterovirus, adenovirus, rotavirus; 
• Beerka: cagaarshowga A, B, C, D iyo E;
• Xubinta Taranka: papillomavirus, HSV;
• Kaadi -haysta: adenovirus 11;
• Maqaarka: VZV, fayraska poxvirus, papillomavirus, HSV.

Infekshannada fayraska ee daran (kuwa ugu badan) waxay ku bogsadaan dhowr maalmood gudahood iyo ilaa dhowr toddobaad. Fayrasyada qaarkood, sida fayraska cagaarshowga B iyo fayraska cagaarshowga C, waxay u sii jiri karaan caabuqyo joogto ah (ogaanshaha joogtada ah ee fayraska). Fayrasyada qoyska Herpesviridae (HSV, VZV, CMV, EBV) waxay ku sii jiraan qaab dabadheeraad ah oo noolaha ah (maqnaanshaha isku dhufashada fayras ee la ogaan karo) sidaas darteedna waxay dib u dhaqaajin kartaa (wax soo saarka cusub ee walxaha fayraska) xaalad weyn. daal, cadaadis ama difaaca jirka (xubin -ku -tallaalid, caabuqa HIV ama kansar).

Bronchiolitis

Faransiiska dhexdiisa, sannad walba, 500 oo dhallaanka ah (yacnii 000% tirada dadka dhallaanka ah) ayaa saameeya boronkiitada. Bronchiolitis waa cudur fayras faafa oo inta badan ku dhaca carruurta ka yar laba sano.

Waxay u dhigantaa barar ku dhaca bronchioles -ka, marinnada sambabada ee ugu yar. Is -hortaagooda waxaa weheliya xiiq -dheer oo dabeecad leh oo dhacda inta lagu jiro neefsashada oo la yiraahdo xiiqid. Bronchiolitis wuxuu inta badan dhacaa Oktoobar ilaa Abriil. Waxay qaadataa ilaa hal toddobaad, qufacu wuxuu sii jiri karaa xoogaa ka dheer. In ka badan 70% kiisaska, fayraska mas'uulka ka ah waa RSV, Virus Respiratory Syncytial Virus.

Aad buu u faafaa. Wuxuu ku faafaa dhallaanka ilaa dhallaanka ama qaangaarka ilaa dhallaanka gacmaha, candhuufta, qufaca, hindhisada iyo walxaha faddaraysan. Infekshanka RSV wuxuu soo bandhigayaa laba halis oo cakiran: halista ba'an ee sameynta nooc daran oo cudurka ah oo u baahan isbitaal iyo halista muddada dheer ee ah inuu ku soo kordho "ka-hortagga xannuunka bronki-ga kadib". Tan waxaa lagu muujiyaa dhacdooyin soo noqnoqda oo leh xiiqid inta lagu jiro neefsashada.

Ifilada

Hargabku waa caabuq fayras uu keeno fayraska Hargabka, oo ka kooban saddex nooc: A, B iyo C. Noocyada A iyo B Kaliya ayaa bixin kara foomam caafimaad oo daran.

Hargab xilliyeedka wuxuu ku dhacaa qaab faafa oo ka dhaca dhulweynaha Faransiiska. 2 ilaa 6 milyan oo qof ayaa hargabku saameeyaa sannad kasta. Faafida ifilada xilliyeedku waxay badanaa dhacdaa inta u dhaxaysa bilaha Noofembar iyo Abriil. Wuxuu socdaa celcelis ahaan 9 toddobaad.

Hargabku wuxuu u keeni karaa dhibaatooyin aad u daran dadka halista ku jira (dadka waayeelka ah ama maadooyinka oo daciifiyay cudur -hoosaad joogto ah). Hargab xilliyeedka ayaa mas'uul ka ah ku dhawaad ​​10 dhimasho sanad walba gudaha Faransiiska.

Caabuqyada fayrasku waa kuwo aad u faafa. Fayrasyada waxaa lagu kala qaadaa: 

• Candhuufta: CMV iyo Epstein Barr virus (EBV);
• Dheecaannada neefsashada xilliga qufaca ama hindhisada: fayrasyada neef -mareenka (rhinovirus, fayraska hargabka, RSV), jadeecada, VZV;
• Maqaarka oo mara jidka loo maro, qaniinyada, qaniinyada ama dhaawaca: fayraska raabiyada, HSV, VZV;
• Saxaro: cuntada ama gacmaha oo saxaro ku wasakhaysan (gudbinta saxarada-afka). Fayrasyo ​​badan oo dheefshiidka ayaa ku jira saxarada (adenovirus, rotavirus, coxsackievirus, poliovirus, coronavirus, enterovirus);
• Walxaha wasakhaysan (gudbinta gacanta): Fayraska hargabka, coronavirus;
• Kaad: qaamo -qashiir, CMV, jadeeco;
• Caanaha naaska: HIV, HTLV, CMV;
• Ku -deeqidda dhiigga iyo xubnaha: HIV, fayraska cagaarshow B (HBV), fayraska cagaarshowga C (HCV), CMV…;
• Dheecaanka xubinta taranka: HSV 1 iyo HSV 2, CMV, HBV, HIV;

Vaktor: fayraska waxaa lagu kala qaadaa qaniinyada xayawaanka cudurka qaba (qandhada jaalaha ah, qandhada dengue, encephalitis Japanese, encephalitis virus -ka Niil Galbeed iyo arboviruses kale).

Infakshanno fayras oo aad u badan ayaa asymptomatic ah (calaamado ma leh) ama leh astaamo guud sida qandho, daal, iyo jiritaanka qanjirada. Tani waa kiiska, tusaale ahaan, rubella, CMV ama EBV.

Astaamaha caabuqyada fayrasku waxay ku xiran yihiin xubinta jirran. Infekshanno badan oo fayras ah ayaa sidoo kale keena calaamado maqaarka ah (macules, papules, vesicles, finan maqaarka (guduudasho)): tani waa tusaale ahaan HSV, VZV, rubella tusaale ahaan shuban, lallabo iyo matag ayaa la arkaa inta lagu jiro caabuqyada fayrasyada caloosha.

Tusaale ahaan hargabka, waxaa ka muuqda qandho sare, qarqaryo, hindhis, qufac, san duuf, daal xooggan, jir xanuun, madax xanuun. Nasopharyngitis (qabow) waxaa astaan ​​u ah qandho, sanka oo xirma, dheecaanka sanka, qufac.

Caabuqyada fayraska laguma daaweyn karo antibiyootiko. Dhibaatooyinka bakteeriyada kaliya ee caabuqyada fayrasku waxay u baahan yihiin antibiyootiko. Viroses waxaa lagu daaweeyaa astaamo (qandho, xanuun, qufac) oo leh antipyretics ama xanuun baabi'iye, ama daawaynta astaamo gaar ah: anti-emetics haddii ay timaaddo matag, kareemyo qoyan ama qoyan iyo, marmarka qaarkood, antihistamine afka oo cuncun ay sababto finan maqaarka qaarkood.

Daawooyinka fayruska ayaa laga yaabaa in la siiyo xaaladaha daran ee hargabka, si loogu daaweeyo HIV, cagaarshowga nooca B ama C, ama fayrusyada herpes qaarkood.