Contents
likaha cad (Boletus edulis)
- Qaybta: Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes)
- Qayb hoosaadka: Agaricomycotina (Agaricomycetes)
- Fasalka: Agaricomycetes (Agaricomycetes)
- Heerka hoose: Agaricomycetidae (Agaricomycetes)
- Dalabka: Boletales (Boletales)
- Qoyska: Boletaceae (Boletaceae)
- Genus: Boletus
- Nooca: Boletus edulis (Cep)
Porcini (lat. boletus edulis) waa boqoshaada ka soo jeeda boletus genus.
Koofiyad:
Midabka koofiyadda boqoshaada porcini, iyadoo ku xiran xaaladaha sii kordhaya, waxay ku kala duwan yihiin caddaan ilaa madow madow, mararka qaarkood (gaar ahaan geedaha geedka iyo noocyada spruce) oo leh midab guduudan. Qaabka koofiyaddu marka hore waa mid hemispherical ah, markii dambe qaab barkin ah, qaabaysan, aad u jidh leh, dhexroor ilaa 25 cm ah. Dusha sare ee daboolku waa siman yahay, wax yar oo jilicsan. Saxarka waa caddaan, cufan, dhumucdiisuna, ma beddelo midab marka la jabiyo, ficil ahaan aan ur lahayn, oo leh dhadhan nafaqo leh.
Lugta:
Mushroomka porcini wuxuu leeyahay lug aad u weyn, ilaa 20 cm sare, ilaa 5 cm dhumucdiisuna, adag, cylindrical, ballaadhiyey saldhigga, caddaan ama bunni khafiif ah, oo leh qaabka mesh khafiif ah ee qaybta sare. Sida caadiga ah, qayb muhiim ah oo lugta ka mid ah ayaa ku jirta dhulka hoostiisa, qashinka.
Lakabka Spore:
Markii hore caddaan, ka dibna si isdaba joog ah isu beddela huruud iyo cagaar. Daloollada ayaa yaryar, wareegsan.
budada Spore:
Maariin saytuun ah.
Noocyo kala duwan oo fangaska cad ayaa ku koraan kaymo, coniferous iyo kaymo isku dhafan laga bilaabo xagaaga hore ilaa Oktoobar (si joogto ah), samaynta mycorrhiza leh noocyo kala duwan oo geedo ah. Miraha ku jira waxa loogu yeero "mowjadaha" (horraanta Juun, bartamihii Luulyo, Ogosto, iwm.). Mawjada koowaad, sida caadiga ah, maaha mid aad u badan, halka mid ka mid ah mowjadaha soo socda ay inta badan yihiin kuwo aan la barbar dhigi karin oo ka waxtar badan kuwa kale.
Fungus-gall (Tylopilus felleus)
dhalinyaradu waxay u egtahay boqoshaada cad (kadibna waxay noqotaa sida boletus (Leccinum scabrum)). Waxay ka duwan tahay likaha xameetida cad ugu horrayn qadhaadhka, taas oo ka dhigaysa likahani gabi ahaanba aan la cuni karin, iyo sidoo kale midabka casaanka ah ee lakabka tuubada, kaas oo noqda casaan (nasiib darro, mararka qaarkood aad u daciif ah) xilliga nasashada oo leh hilib iyo qaab mesh mugdi ah. lugta. Waxa kale oo la ogaan karaa in saxarka fungus-ka xameetida uu had iyo jeer si aan caadi ahayn u nadiif ah oo aan la taaban dirxiyada, halka fungus-ka porcini aad fahmi karto ...
Geedka caadiga ah (Suillellus luridus)
iyo Boletus eruthropus - geedaha caadiga ah, oo sidoo kale ku wareersan fungus cad. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa in la xusuustaa in saxarka boqoshaada porcini waligiis isbeddelin midabka, ku haray caddaan xitaa maraq, taas oo aan la sheegi karin oo ku saabsan geedaha buluuga ah ee firfircoon.
Sida saxda ah waxaa loo tixgeliyaa sida ugu fiican ee boqoshaada. Loo isticmaalo qaab kasta.
Beerista warshadaha ee fangaska cad waa mid aan faa'iido lahayn, sidaas darteed waxaa lagu beeraa oo kaliya beeralayda likaha hiwaayadda.
Beerista, marka hore waa lagama maarmaan in la abuuro shuruudo samaynta mycorrhiza. Goobaha guriga ayaa loo isticmaalaa, kuwaas oo geedo yaryar iyo geedo yaryar lagu beeray, sifada deegaanka fangaska, ama meelaha kaynta dabiiciga ah ayaa go'doonsan. Waxaa ugu wanaagsan in la isticmaalo geedo yaryar iyo beero (da'da 5-10 sano) bjørk, geed, geed ama gran.
Dhamaadkii 6aad - bilowgii qarnigii 8aad. Waddankeena, habkani wuxuu ahaa mid caadi ah: boqoshaada bislaaday ayaa lagu hayaa ilaa hal maalin oo biyo ah oo la isku daray, ka dibna la sifeeyay oo sidaas darteed hakin kudka ayaa la helay. Waxay waraabisay dhulkii geedaha hoostooda. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, mycelium si macmal ah loo beeray ayaa loo isticmaali karaa beeridda, laakiin sida caadiga ah walxo dabiici ah ayaa la qaataa. Waxaad qaadan kartaa lakabka tuubada ee boqoshaada qaangaarka ah (da'da 20-30 maalmood), kaas oo wax yar la qalajiyey oo lagu beeray qashinka ciidda hoostiisa qaybo yaryar. Ka dib markii la beero, kudka waxaa la goosan karaa sanadka labaad ama saddexaad. Mararka qaarkood ciidda leh mycelium ee laga qaaday kaynta ayaa loo isticmaalaa sida geedo: aag laba jibbaaran oo ah 10-15 cm oo cabbir ah iyo 1-2 cm qoto dheer ayaa la gooyaa hareeraha likaha cad ee la helay mindi fiiqan. digada fardaha iyo in yar oo lagu daro alwaax qudhuntay, inta lagu guda jiro compost, lagu waraabiyo 3% xal amooniyam ah. Kadibna, meel hadh ah, lakabka ciidda ayaa la saaraa waxaana la dhigayaa humus 5-7 lakab, oo lagu shubayo lakabyada dhulka. Mycelium waxaa lagu beeray sariirta ka soo baxday si qoto dheer oo ah XNUMX-XNUMX sentimitir, sariirta ayaa qoyan oo lagu daboolay lakabka caleemaha.
Wax-soosaarka fangaska cad wuxuu gaaraa 64-260 kg/ha xilli ciyaareedkii.