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Shiitake koraya
Sharaxaada kooban ee fangaska, astaamaha koritaankeeda
Yurub dhexdeeda, likaha shiitake waxaa si fiican loogu yaqaan Lentinus edodes. Waa wakiil ka mid ah qoys ballaaran oo fangaska aan qudhun, kaas oo leh qiyaastii hal iyo badh kun oo nooc oo fangaska ah oo kori kara ma aha oo kaliya in la gooyo oo dhimanaya, laakiin sidoo kale substrate warshad. Waa wax caadi ah in la arko shiitake oo ku koraya jirridda chestnut. Dalka Japan, chestnuts waxaa loo yaqaan "shii", sidaas darteed magaca likahaan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa kale oo laga heli karaa noocyada kale ee geedaha go'ay, oo ay ku jiraan. on geesbeam, poplar, bjørk, geed, beech.
Duurjoogta, nooca likaha waxaa badanaa laga helaa koonfur-bari iyo bari ee Aasiya, oo ay ku jiraan. gobollada buuraleyda ah ee Shiinaha, Kuuriya iyo Japan. Yurub, Ameerika, Afrika iyo Australia, shiitake duurjoogta ah lagama helo. Waddankeena, boqoshaadaan waxaa laga heli karaa Bariga Fog.
Shiitake waa boqoshaada saprophyte, sidaas darteed nafaqeyneedu waxay ku saleysan tahay walxaha dabiiciga ah ee alwaax qudhuntay. Taasi waa sababta inta badan funguskan laga helo jirrid duug ah iyo geedo qalajiya.
Aasiyaanka ayaa muddo dheer ammaanay sifooyinka bogsashada ee shiitake, waana sababta ay ugu beeri jireen jirrid geedo kumanaan sano ah.
Muuqaal ahaan, boqoshaadani waa likaha koofiyada leh oo leh jirid dhumuc gaaban oo gaaban. Koofiyadu waxay yeelan kartaa dhexroor ilaa 20 sentimitir, laakiin inta badan waxay ku dhex jirtaa 5-10 sentimitir. Nooc ka mid ah boqoshaada ayaa koraya iyada oo aan la samaynin jidh miro-dhal ah. Midabka daboolka likaha ee marxaladda hore ee koritaanka waa madow madow, qaabku waa wareegsan. Laakiin habka bislaanshaha, koofiyaddu waxay noqotaa mid jilicsan oo waxay helaysaa hadh khafiif ah.
Mushrooms waxay leeyihiin hilib khafiif ah, kaas oo lagu kala saaro dhadhan jilicsan, wax yar oo xusuusta dhadhanka boqoshaada porcini.
Doorashada goobta iyo diyaarinta
Beerista Shiitake waxaa lagu fuliyaa siyaabo dhowr ah: ballaaran oo degdeg ah. Xaaladda koowaad, xaaladaha koritaanka ayaa loo sameeyaa sida ugu dhow ee suurtogalka ah ee dabiiciga ah, iyo kiiska labaad, dhirta ama alwaaxyada alaabta ceeriin ayaa si gaar ah loogu doortay boqoshaada iyada oo lagu daro xalal nafaqo oo kala duwan. Koritaanka shiitake waxay leedahay faa'iido sare, laakiin weli, inta badan beeraha likaha Asia waxay door bidaan nooca ballaaran ee beerashada boqoshaadan. Isla mar ahaantaana, Aasiya waxay si gaar ah u diyaariyaan meelo gaar ah oo kaynta ah tan, halkaas oo hooska geedaha uu abuuri doono xaaladaha ugu wanaagsan ee koritaanka shiitake.
The climate, characterized by hot summers and cold winters, cannot be called favorable for the cultivation of such mushrooms, therefore, the creation of special premises is required in which it will be possible to achieve control over the level of humidity and temperature. The extensive method involves growing mushrooms on stumps of deciduous trees, which are specially harvested for this. The most popular in this business are chestnuts and dwarf chestnuts, hornbeams, beeches and oaks are also suitable for this. In order for mushrooms to grow nutritious and healthy, stumps for their cultivation must be harvested at a time when sap flow in the trees stops, i.e. it should be either early spring or late autumn. At this time, wood contains a huge amount of nutrients. Before choosing wood for growing shiitake, you should carefully inspect it, and discard damaged stumps.
Si aad u hesho jirrid, geedo yaryar oo leh dhexroor 10-20 sentimitir ayaa ugu habboon. Dhererka jir kasta waa inuu ahaadaa 1-1,5 mitir. Ka dib markii la helo tirada loo baahan yahay ee jirridka, waxaa lagu laalaa godad alwaax ah oo lagu daboolay dabool, taas oo ka badbaadinaysa inay qalajiso. Haddii alwaaxdu qallajiso, geedaha waa in lagu qooyay biyo 4-5 maalmood ka hor intaan la beerin mycelium.
Shiitake sidoo kale waxaa lagu kori karaa geedo qallalan, laakiin kaliya haddii aysan bilaabin inay qudhunto. Qoryaha noocan oo kale ah waa in si aad ah loo qoy usbuuc ka hor intaan la beerin mycelium. Beerista likaha waxaa lagu fulin karaa labadaba dibadda iyo qol gaar ah oo aad ku ilaalin karto heerkulka lagama maarmaanka u ah horumarinta shiitake.
Marka ugu horeysa, miro-saarista boqoshaada waxay dhici doontaa kaliya xilliga diiran, laakiin kiiska labaad, waxay u muuqataa suurtagal in la koro shiitake sanadka oo dhan. Waxaa muhiim ah in la xasuusto in marka koraya boqoshaada meelaha furan, waa in laga ilaaliyo dabaysha iyo iftiinka qorraxda tooska ah.
Sidoo kale, ha iloobin in shiitake ay dhali doonto midho kaliya haddii heerkulka deegaanka lagu hayo 13-16 darajo, iyo qoyaanka alwaax 35-60%. Intaa waxaa dheer, iftiinku sidoo kale waa muhiim - waa inuu ahaadaa ugu yaraan 100 lumen.
beero mycelium
Kahor intaadan bilaabin geeddi-socodka beeridda, godadka waa in lagu qodaa jirridyada mycelium. Moolkoodu waa inuu ahaadaa 3-5 sentimitir, dhexroorkuna waa inuu ahaadaa 12 mm. Xaaladdan oo kale, tallaabada waa in lagu ilaaliyaa heerka 20-25 cm, iyo inta u dhaxaysa safafka waa inay ahaataa ugu yaraan 5-10 cm.
Mycelium waxaa si cufan loogu shubay godadka ka dhashay. Dabadeed daloolka ayaa lagu xidhaa fur, dhexroorkiisu waa 1-2 mm ka yar dhexroorka daloolka. Burburka dubbe ayaa lagu dubtaa, daldaloolada soo hadhayna waxaa lagu shaabadeeyey shamac. Kadibna jirridyadan ayaa mar kale loo qaybiyaa xaabada ama qol gaar ah. Horumarinta mycelium waxaa saameeya arrimo badan - laga bilaabo tayada mycelium ilaa xaaladaha la abuuray. Sidaa darteed, waxay kobcin kartaa 6-18 bilood. Heerkulka ugu fiican wuxuu noqon doonaa 20-25 digrii, alwaaxduna waa inay lahaataa qoyaan ka sarreeya 35%.
Si aan alwaaxdu u engegin, waa in kor laga daboolaa, oo marka ay engegto, waa la qoyn karaa. Qaadaha likaha waxaa loo qaddarin karaa inuu horumaray haddii baro cadcad oo ka yimaadda hyphae ay bilaabaan inay ka soo muuqdaan qaybaha looxyada, oo logguna aanu mar dambe samayn dhawaaq dhawaaqa marka la taabto. Marka daqiiqaddan la gaaro, geedaha waa in lagu qooyay biyo. Haddii ay tahay xilli diiran oo ka baxsan, ka dibna tan waa in la sameeyaa 12-20 saacadood, haddii ay tahay xilli qabow - 2-3 maalmood. Tani waxay kordhin doontaa qoyaanka alwaax ilaa 75%.
Koritaanka iyo goosashada
Marka mycelium uu bilaabay inuu tarmo, logyada waa in lagu rakibaa meelo hore loo diyaariyey. Laga soo bilaabo korka, waxay ku daboolan yihiin maro translucent ah, taas oo ka dhalatay taas oo ay jirto sinnaanta qoyaanka iyo heerkulka.
Marka dusha sare ee lo'da lagu dhejiyo miraha miraha, dharka ilaalinta waa in la tuuraa, qoyaanka qolka ayaa hoos loo dhigayaa 60%.
Miraha waxay sii socon kartaa 1-2 toddobaad.
Haddii tignoolajiyada beerashada la arkay, boqoshaada waxaa laga soo saari karaa jirid la beeray muddo shan sano ah. Isla mar ahaantaana, jirriddu waxay dhali doontaa miro 2-3 jeer sannadkii. Marka goosashada la dhammeeyo, jirridyada ayaa mar kale lagu dhejiyaa qoryaha, waxaana lagu daboolaa maro iftiin leh oo korka ah.
Hubi inaad ka hortagto hoos u dhaca qoyaanka alwaax ilaa heer ka hooseeya 40%, sidoo kale ku ilaali heerkulka hawada 16-20 darajo.
Marka qoruhu wax yar engego, waa in mar kale lagu qooyay biyo.